A new research study has found a disturbing number of young Australians blame women for being raped and having their nude images shared without consent.
The National Community Attitudes towards Violence against Women Survey Youth report was released today by Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety and VicHealth.
The researchers surveyed 1,761 young Australians aged between 16 and 24 years about their views on violence against women and gender equality.
They found nearly a third of young men aged 16 to 24 years believed many women who said they had been raped had instead led the man on and then had regrets.
Young people were also confused about the sharing of nude images, with over a quarter blaming the women for sending the image instead of her partner for sharing it without her consent.
Controlling behaviour in relationships was also an area of concern - particularly for young men - with one in five not understanding that using technology to track their partner's movements, such as logging into her social media accounts or installing spyware on her phone, was abusive behaviour.
Other key findings included:
- Around one in seven young Australians believed a man would be justified to force sex if the women initiated it, but then changed her mind and pushed him away. .
- Almost a quarter of young men thought women found it flattering to be persistently pursued, even if they were not interested.
- 14 per cent of young men do not understand that harassment by repeated emails or text messages was domestic violence.
- Over two in five young Australians supported the statement 'I think it is natural for a man to want to appear in control of his partner in front of his male friends'.
- More than one in five young men thought men should take control of relationships and be the head of the household.
- Overall young people were more likely to support gender equality in public life (e.g. workplaces or politics) than in their intimate relationships.
Problematic attitudes to violence against women and gender equality were more common among young people with mainly male friends.
ANROWS chief executive officer Dr Heather Nancarrow said while there had been improvements in young people's understanding of violence against women over the last ten years, it was worrying that many still held disturbing attitudes.
"Our research shows we have a long way to go in educating young people about the difference between a healthy relationship and abusive behaviour," she said.
"The good news is attitudes can change. We can educate young people to better understand all forms of violence against women and that controlling behaviour is not part of a healthy relationship."
Lead researcher Dr Anastasia Powell from RMIT said the research showed many young people - and in particular men - blamed women for sexual assault and failed to fully understand consent.
"We need to do more to teach young men about what consent looks like. Swiping right is not consent, kissing is not consent and saying yes to one sexual act does not give blanket consent to everything," she said.
"It is highly problematic that young men thought it was sometimes okay to force sex on a woman, or believe that women want men to persistently pursue them even after they had said they were not interested.
"It is also disturbing that some young men still resorted to victim blaming when it came to sexual abuse, such as blaming women for being raped, or holding a woman responsible when a nude image was shared without her consent."
Dr Powell added the results also highlighted that too many young men did not see controlling behaviours in relationships as violence against women.
"While young men demonstrated a strong understanding of physical violence against women, they were less likely to recognise that things like checking their partners' emails without permission or following her home from uni were also forms of violence," she said.
VicHealth acting chief executive officer Dr Lyn Roberts said despite young people being more supportive of gender equality in the workplace and in public life than older Australians, many still held outdated views about men and women's roles in the home.
"It is reassuring that young Australians think men and women should be treated equally in the workplace but many still think men should be in charge when it comes to a relationship," she said.
"It is clear that young people need more support in order to have healthy and respectful relationships.
"This research shows us that young men feel pressured to appear in control which is harmful for the young men and their partners.
"We need to support young people to overcome social pressures and to have better relationships, which will be healthier for everyone."
Dr Nancarrow said although the report showed areas of concern, young people were troubled by sexism and disrespect towards women.
"The research showed that while 73 per cent of young Australians were not comfortable with sexist jokes only 37 per cent would take action," she said.
"We want to help young people to take action and be the generation to end violence against women. Violence can be prevented and it is up to all of us to play our part.
"Young people's attitudes do not exist in a bubble, the world around them impacts their views and behaviour - from sexist advertising to the lack of women in leadership roles in business and politics.
"We need to continue to push for gender equality to change harmful attitudes and behaviours that are hurting our young people."
Examples of modern technology used to harass women and control their movements and communications activity without consent included:
- Checking a woman's mobile phone call register, messages and contacts
- Installing and using mobile phone and computer tracking software to enable keystroke logging or computer monitoring (e.g. spyware)
- Using technologies such as webcams to record, and subsequently digitally transmit, information about a woman's movements and activities
- Checking a woman's instant messaging, chat room and browser activity
- Sending a nude or intimate image of a woman to others without permission.
If you or someone you know is impacted by sexual assault or family violence, call 1800RESPECT on 1800 737 732 or visit www.1800RESPECT.org.au. In an emergency call 000.
